See spinescent on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "spinescence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "spinescently"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"spīnēscēns",
"spinescens#Latin"
],
[
"spīnēscō",
"spinesco#Latin"
],
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
],
[
"spine",
"spine#English"
],
[
"-escent",
"-escent#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "LL.:spīnēscēns<ety:from<spīnēscō<ety:from<la:spīna>>>>",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "spine",
"6": "-escent",
"7": "-ent"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīnēscō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīnēscēns\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spine\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-escent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spinescent\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"spinescent\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "spīnēscēns"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin spīnēscēns",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present tense",
"2": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spīna",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna (“thorn”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">“spinescent”, in <cite>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</cite>, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, <span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2016, <small>→ISBN</small>.</span></span>",
"name": "AHD spinescent"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spine",
"3": "-escent"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, spine + -escent",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin spīnēscēns, present participle of spīnēscō (“to become thorny”), from Latin spīna (“thorn”). By surface analysis, spine + -escent.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "spinescent (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "botany"
},
"expansion": "(botany)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"spi",
"nes",
"cent"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -escent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 15 17 14 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 15 17 14 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 14 18 14 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 14 16 13 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a spine or spines."
],
"id": "en-spinescent-en-adj-M~xxiZ25",
"links": [
[
"Having",
"have"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "having a spine or spines",
"word": "spinescent"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having a spine or spines",
"word": "kolczasty"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "having a spine or spines",
"word": "spinescent"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -escent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Terminating in a spine."
],
"id": "en-spinescent-en-adj-OhJr1ZG4",
"links": [
[
"Terminating",
"terminate"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "terminating in a spine",
"word": "spinescent"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "terminating in a spine",
"word": "kolczasty"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "terminating in a spine",
"word": "spinescent"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "spī-nĕs′ənt"
},
{
"ipa": "/spaɪ̯ˈnɛs.ənt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spʌɪ̯-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland",
"also"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈnes-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spʌi̯-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland",
"also"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spəi̯-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʌnt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spɑe̯ˈnes.ənt/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsənt"
}
],
"word": "spinescent"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "spinescent"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
],
[
"-escent",
"-escent#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":af",
"3": "la:spīna<bor>",
"4": "-escent",
"5": ":afeq",
"6": "-ent",
"etydate": "1803"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-escent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"spinescent\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"spinescent\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la:spīna",
"3": "-escent"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna + -escent",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Q505555",
"in": "1803",
"nobycat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Coined by French lexicographer Pierre-Claude-Victor Boiste in 1803",
"name": "coin"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna + -escent. Coined by French lexicographer Pierre-Claude-Victor Boiste in 1803.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinescente",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescents",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spinescent (feminine spinescente, masculine plural spinescents, feminine plural spinescentes)",
"name": "fr-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "botany"
},
"expansion": "(botany)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"spi",
"ne",
"scent"
]
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms suffixed with -ent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms suffixed with -escent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "fr:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spinescent (having a spine or spines)"
],
"id": "en-spinescent-fr-adj-DJDpAdu9",
"links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#English"
]
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms suffixed with -ent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms suffixed with -escent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "fr:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spinescent (terminating in a spine)"
],
"id": "en-spinescent-fr-adj-anRHT64h",
"links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#English"
]
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/spi.nɛ.sɑ̃/"
},
{
"ipa": "/spi.ne.sɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "spinescent"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:spinescent"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-escent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"spinescent\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Romanian\", \"term\" : \"spinescent\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ro\" }\" data-lang=\"ro\" data-title=\"spinescent\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "spinescent"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French spinescent",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French spinescent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinescentă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenți",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescente",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenții",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spinescent m or n (feminine singular spinescentă, masculine plural spinescenți, feminine/neuter plural spinescente)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spinescent (having a spine or spines)"
],
"id": "en-spinescent-ro-adj-DJDpAdu9",
"links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spinescent (terminating in a spine)"
],
"id": "en-spinescent-ro-adj-anRHT64h",
"links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "spinescent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-",
"English terms suffixed with -ent",
"English terms suffixed with -escent",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:English/ɛsənt",
"Rhymes:English/ɛsənt/3 syllables",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"en:Botany"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spinescence"
},
{
"word": "spinescently"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"spīnēscēns",
"spinescens#Latin"
],
[
"spīnēscō",
"spinesco#Latin"
],
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
],
[
"spine",
"spine#English"
],
[
"-escent",
"-escent#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "LL.:spīnēscēns<ety:from<spīnēscō<ety:from<la:spīna>>>>",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "spine",
"6": "-escent",
"7": "-ent"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīnēscō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīnēscēns\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spine\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-escent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spinescent\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"spinescent\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "spīnēscēns"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin spīnēscēns",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present tense",
"2": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spīna",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna (“thorn”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">“spinescent”, in <cite>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</cite>, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, <span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2016, <small>→ISBN</small>.</span></span>",
"name": "AHD spinescent"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spine",
"3": "-escent"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, spine + -escent",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin spīnēscēns, present participle of spīnēscō (“to become thorny”), from Latin spīna (“thorn”). By surface analysis, spine + -escent.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "spinescent (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "botany"
},
"expansion": "(botany)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"spi",
"nes",
"cent"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Having a spine or spines."
],
"links": [
[
"Having",
"have"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Terminating in a spine."
],
"links": [
[
"Terminating",
"terminate"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "spī-nĕs′ənt"
},
{
"ipa": "/spaɪ̯ˈnɛs.ənt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spʌɪ̯-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland",
"also"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈnes-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spʌi̯-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland",
"also"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spəi̯-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʌnt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spinescent.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spɑe̯ˈnes.ənt/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsənt"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "having a spine or spines",
"word": "spinescent"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having a spine or spines",
"word": "kolczasty"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "having a spine or spines",
"word": "spinescent"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "terminating in a spine",
"word": "spinescent"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "terminating in a spine",
"word": "kolczasty"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "terminating in a spine",
"word": "spinescent"
}
],
"word": "spinescent"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French coinages",
"French entries referencing missing etymons",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French terms borrowed from Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-",
"French terms suffixed with -ent",
"French terms suffixed with -escent",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"fr:Botany"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "spinescent"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
],
[
"-escent",
"-escent#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":af",
"3": "la:spīna<bor>",
"4": "-escent",
"5": ":afeq",
"6": "-ent",
"etydate": "1803"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-escent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"spinescent\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"spinescent\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la:spīna",
"3": "-escent"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna + -escent",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Q505555",
"in": "1803",
"nobycat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Coined by French lexicographer Pierre-Claude-Victor Boiste in 1803",
"name": "coin"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna + -escent. Coined by French lexicographer Pierre-Claude-Victor Boiste in 1803.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinescente",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescents",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spinescent (feminine spinescente, masculine plural spinescents, feminine plural spinescentes)",
"name": "fr-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "botany"
},
"expansion": "(botany)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"spi",
"ne",
"scent"
]
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spinescent (having a spine or spines)"
],
"links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#English"
]
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spinescent (terminating in a spine)"
],
"links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#English"
]
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/spi.nɛ.sɑ̃/"
},
{
"ipa": "/spi.ne.sɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "spinescent"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with etymon",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:spinescent"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-escent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ent\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"spinescent\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Romanian\", \"term\" : \"spinescent\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ro\" }\" data-lang=\"ro\" data-title=\"spinescent\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "spinescent"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French spinescent",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French spinescent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinescentă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenți",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescente",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenții",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinescentelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spinescent m or n (feminine singular spinescentă, masculine plural spinescenți, feminine/neuter plural spinescente)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spinescent (having a spine or spines)"
],
"links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spinescent (terminating in a spine)"
],
"links": [
[
"spinescent",
"spinescent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "spinescent"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spinescent meaning in All languages combined (14.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"spinescent"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "spinescent",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"spinescent"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "spinescent",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"spinescent"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "spinescent",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"spinescent"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "spinescent",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.